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2013年英语高考改错,历年英语高考改错及答案
tamoadmin 2024-06-03 人已围观
简介1.高中英语改错2.高考英语改错短句3.英语改错的一些方法,原则,技巧4.短文改错解题思路和检查原则5.英语改错题 2013年我省高考英语试题整体难度适中,秉承了“稳中求变”的命题原则。试题突出了对语言交际和应用能力的考查,注重考查考生的语言综合运用能力。 听力部分:难度适中话题贴近生活 听力试题语速适中,篇幅遵循由短到长逐步过渡,试题话题选材贴近生活,整体难度适中。短对话部分的五道试
1.高中英语改错
2.高考英语改错短句
3.英语改错的一些方法,原则,技巧
4.短文改错解题思路和检查原则
5.英语改错题
2013年我省高考英语试题整体难度适中,秉承了“稳中求变”的命题原则。试题突出了对语言交际和应用能力的考查,注重考查考生的语言综合运用能力。
听力部分:难度适中话题贴近生活
听力试题语速适中,篇幅遵循由短到长逐步过渡,试题话题选材贴近生活,整体难度适中。短对话部分的五道试题对what、where、when考点进行了考查。此部分要求学生迅速适应朗读者的语音语调,并快速地投入到听力测试状态中。
长对话部分由五篇材料组成。与以往几年考试相同,长对话部分第6段至第10段材料的问题设置依然按2,2,3,4,4的数量分布。考查重点依然放在与实际生活密切相关的场景中。对话内容涉及筹划生日安排、致歉和请求帮助、电话告知友人新工作信息和对Jan的一段采访四个不同的情景。第10段听力材料与2012年采访的形式相比有所变化,又回归了往年独白的考查形式。试题内容涉及旅行日程及景点特点介绍。考生应把握好细节和地名街名的关键词。
从考生的答题感受来看,考生感觉朗读人在语调上与平时模拟训练略有不同,但通过认真审题和进一步加工听到的内容,对理解影响不大。总的来看,听力部分障碍不大。
英语知识运用部分:难度下降无偏题怪题
单项填空对语言交际和应用能力的考查逐年明显,试题中没有偏题怪题出现。今年考题中对动词考察的比重有所下降,共计5道试题。相比2010年至2012年三年的试题中均考查了7个有关动词的试题来说有所减少。涉及到非谓语动词的试题与去年的固定搭配考点相比更突出了在语境中考查的特点。其余考题考查了情景交际2题、形容词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、连词、特殊句式和倒装各一题。考点覆盖比较全面。
今年的完形填空与2012年的说明文体裁不同,回归了往年高考完形填空夹叙夹议,小故事,大道理型的文章。文章描述了纽约人MichaelGreenberg二十一年坚持在严寒的冬日里赠与过往没有手套的贫苦路人进而给予他们温暖和快乐,并获得了“手套Greenberg”的称号的故事。虽然他的善举不被所有人理解,但他的爱心传承和身体力行的举动却是值得人们效仿的。每个人贡献自己的一份力量帮助有需要的人,会让他人更加幸福快乐,社会将会变得更加美好和谐。试题以实词的考查为主,其中动词十道题,名词五道题,形容词五道题。动词的考察比例占了今年完形填空的半壁江山,与往年比较,介词短语、连词与副词没有考查。总体来看,试题难度比去年有所下降。
阅读理解部分:命理坚持“能力立意”设计灵活
阅读理解试题坚持能力立意的命题理念,选材语言地道,文体特征鲜明。文章中词汇量不大,考题类型全面,设计灵活,对于细节题考生容易选出答案,但对于难度相对大的文章主旨概括题、推断题、猜测词义等题,就需要考生在阅读文章过程中,从结构上把握全篇,并对获得的信息进行加工处理从而加深理解深度,只有这样,才能在阅读中得到高分。七选五难度适中,考生认为障碍不大。
写作部分
短文改错要求修改一篇你同桌写的习作。难度比去年有所下降。但从近年的考题来看,短文改错一直是一项比较容易得分但又不易得满分的题型,与往年相比短文改错部分考查的知识点上基本上没有什么大的变化,比较稳定。
英语作文:试题内容新颖符合考生的认知水平
2013年高考书面表达延续了往年应用文的考查形式,是提纲类作文,但开放性很大。考题要求学生给美国开网店的朋友Tom写一封信,请他代卖自制的一些中国结,内容要点包括外观(尺寸、大小颜色、材料)、象征意义和价格。书面表达中所设计的情景真实性程度较高,且符合考生的认知水平,考生普遍感觉试题内容比较新颖,与学生的生活息息相关。学生有话可说,容易下笔。但是,要想把文章写得精彩,拿到比较高的分数却不容易。考生体会在描写中国结的时候需要一些地道的表达法,在比较开放的自由发挥空间里,则真正考查了考生的语言底蕴和写作功底。
高中英语改错
高考短文改错是很常见的题型,有很多的同学是非常的想知道高考英语改错题的解题公式和公式有哪些的,那么下面给大家分享一些关于英语改错解题技巧及公式,希望对大家有所帮助。
一.高中英语改错题有哪些解题技巧
一.动词形
主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。
二.名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三.区分形和副
及区分形容词和副词在 句子 中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
四.非谓动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。
五.习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。
七.逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。
二.高考英语改错题的答题公式有哪些
1.谓语动词的错误是
①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;
②and前后动词时态不一致;
③主谓不一致;
④缺少动词,特别是be动词;
⑤第三人称单数形式错用;
⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
2.名词的常见错误:
单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。
英语短文改错万能公式3.连词错误:
连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。
关于连词,一般考查从句关系:who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
冠词错误:
误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);
误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
形容词和副词错误:
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);
词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。
三.高考英语改错题答题 方法
英语短文改错满分为10分,分数不多但是每一分都很关键。很多同学在做此题时会遇到以下几点困惑:第一,拿过题来不知如何下手;第二,特别是在读不懂 文章 的时候,或丢掉不做或草草了事,得分率很低。面对以上两个主要困惑,从有效掌握解题思路和熟悉出题规律以及题目关键两大处入手,此类题目就会迎刃而解。
短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题,旨在考查学生对语言的评价与校正的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。
一是改前通读,强化语篇意识。在着手改错之前一定要 快速阅读 全文,这一步很关键,切忌拿来就改。只有站在语篇的高度上,通篇解读全文,了解短文大意,才能贯通短文改错上下文,找出与语篇有关的错误并进行有效的改正。
二是改中细读,注意英语语法、词汇错误。在纠错时要仔细读懂每一个句子,因为只有站在完整句子的角度,才能发现其中的错误。由于多数句子不是只占一行,所以只有读完整个句子,仔细分析,才能发现错误、纠正错误。
三是改后复读,纠正失误,减少差错。做完英语短文改错后将答案放回原文,再重读全文,其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读,往往会发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题或做出的误改。在修改过程当中,一定要相信自己的第一感觉。即一般来说,第一次填写的答案正确率比较高,没有十足的把握不要轻易改正。
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高考英语改错短句
一、所给短文改错答案:
1. eye —— eyes
2. Whatever —— Whenever
3. lend —— lent
4. as ————when
5. final ———— finally
6. started the school —— started school
7. myself ———— me
8. instead ——instead of
9. independence ——independent
10. encoureged ———— encouraging
二、高中英语改错题,高考中以短文改错的形式出现。
三、短文改错命题特点:
借助学生习作形式,呈现学生在日常写作和英语学习中最容易出现的问题,并要求结合全文语境和表达需要进行错误改正。
四、错误设置:
高考短文改错,一共设置10处错误,按照修改出的错误和正确修改的数量计分,每小题1分。从第11处多改都不得分。
五、错误形式和修改方法:
错误形式及修改方法共有三种:
错词,指按照行文需要使用错误的词,在原行错误词下面划线,并在线下写出正确的词。
多词:在表达中多余的词,在原行中用斜线划掉。
少/缺词:表达中漏掉的必须用的词,在原行中缺词处划漏字符,并在漏字符下写出正确表达所需要的词。
六、高考短文改错常考考点:
结合短文,考查常见表达中容易出现的语法和搭配错误。
主要语法考点包括:
名词:可数和不可数,单复数变化。
冠词:不定冠词a/an;定冠词the;零冠词。
代词:数,性,格的正确使用和变化,反身代词等。
形容词,副词:表达中需要的形容词,副词混用及正确表达。
数词:基数词,序数词,分数,百分数等。
动词:动词时态,语态,语气;非谓语动词,动词单三形式,过去式,过去分词,-ing1形式等变化。
介词:介词正确搭配和使用。
连词:句子和上下文正确表达所需要的连词,从属连词等。
七、短文改错例文及修改说明:
Dear Jeremy and Alice,
Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors, we’re hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog—Cleo.
We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she’s outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o’clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
Sincerely,
Jack and Rose
1.第一段:去掉bothers后的to bother sb.打扰某人。
2.第二段第一句:time→times 考查名词复数。several times好几次。
3.第二段第二句:understanding→understand 根据it’s difficult to do sth.句型可知。
4.第二段第三句:have→has 考查主谓一致。the early morning barking为单数,所以谓语动词也应为单数形式。
5.第二段第四句:Beside→Besides 此处应为副词besides而不是介词beside。
6.第二段第四句:average前的a→an 考查冠词。average为以元音音素开头的单词,所以应用冠词an。
7.第二段第五句:starts→started 考查时态。因为是今天早晨发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。
8.第二段第六句:closely→close 考查形容词。形容词close作表语。
9.第三段:our→your 考查物主代词。
10.第三段:在figure后加out 根据动词短语figure out(想出)可知答案。
英语改错的一些方法,原则,技巧
1.高中20个英语句子改错
1.Whose that boy over there?>>Who's that boy over there?2.It's the time of a year for the rice harvest>>It's the time of the year for the rice harvest.3.Water runs'along channels to every part of the garden>>Water runs along channels to every part of the garden.4.He had the farmers to work by the light of the moon>> He had the farmers work by the light of the moon.5.My parents made me studied last night>> My parents made me study last night.6.I hope you to be well and healthy>> I hope you are well and healthy. 7.This is my turn to water the garden and flowers>> It is my turn to water the garden of flowers.8.We grow rice in the south,but in the north where it is cold they grow wheat>> We grow rice in the south, but they grow wheat in the north which is cold.9.Which school does he go now?>> Which school does he go to now?10.In experts opinions,it's not good for children to drink.>> In experts' opinions, it's not good for children to drink.11.We have employed ten men to help>> We have employed ten men for help.12.As the results of many experiments,wheat can now be grown in the south>> As the result of many experiments, wheat can now be grown in the south.13.Here are some dose and don'ts>> Here are some dos and don'ts.14.Put some vinegar in the fish to make it taste better>> Put some vinegar on the fish to make it taste better.15.We went to holiday in Kun Ming for a week>> We went for holiday in Kun Ming for a week.16.Water is suck from this hole through a tube>> Water is sucked from this hole through a tube.17.Air is mixture of gases>> Air is a mixture of gases.18.Make sure of what you are asked to do before you start>> Be sure of what you are asked to do before you start.19.She said to me not to put everything in to the cupboard>> She said to me not to put everything into the cupboard.20.Car rngines are driven by work of patrol,of gas>> Car engines are driven by work of patrol and gas.。
2.英语改错题 技巧 高中词组短语整合 谢谢要做好改错题,首先要过语法关。
建议你用魏老师的《高考语法完全突破》视频教程好好地系统学习一下语法,然后再用以下技巧检验。高考英语短文改错解题技巧 魏训刚短文改错对考生的要求较高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,考生在该项上往往失分较多,那么如何做好改错题,结合自己数年的教学经验,笔者认为要想在短文改错上取得理想的成绩,除了平时打好基础外,在应考时还要做到以下几点:一、先通读全文。
认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系,对文章进行逐字逐句的分析,检查句子的结构是否完整,语气是否连贯,启承转合是否符合文意等。
二.综合运用所学语言知识,根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类:1. 名词:单复数用错,可数与不可数名词的混用。
大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。如:Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000 北京春考),此句中return虽然可以作可数名词也可做不可数名词,但此处显然为可数名词,故应用其复数,returns。
(1)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 81(NMET 2002)句中picture应为pictures(2)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85(NMET 2003)句中word应为words(3) …but after class we become stranger at…83 (NMET 2004) 句中stranger应为strangers2. 动词:时态和语态,常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时,中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语,或是不及物动词后加了宾语;需要接ing形式的接了to,或相反等。如:(1)Around the world young people are spending a lot of money in listening pop music. 本句中listen是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语,应在其后加to。
(2)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one.84(NMET 2003)句中reads应为过去式read(3)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.80(NMET 2002)此句visiting 应为visited(4)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. 83 (NMET 2003)此句中showed是及物动词,其后要加it作其宾语。(5)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. 81 (NMET 2003) 句中talk应为talking, 因为enjoy后接doing.3. 形容词副词:常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反;关系副词where, when, why等的缺失或错用,如:(1) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77(NMET 2004)句中副词quietly 应改为形容词quiet(2) It was about noon ˇwe arrived at the foot of the mountain. 78 (NMET 2002)此句we的前面缺了关系副词when, when在此处引导一个时间状语从句。
(3) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 89 (NMET 1997) 此句中,where应改为which,因为关系副词不能在句中定语从句中做主语。4. 介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失,错用。
这一部分需要平时多多积累,弄清常用介词的搭配。(1)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ˇourselves.92 (NMET 1998) 此句中instead 和ourselves之间需加上of, 因为instead是副词,本身不可以接名词。
(2) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 85(NMET 2002)句中at多余。(3) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese… 77(NMET 2003)句中in多余。
(4) I'm a newcomer here of a small town. 76(NMET 2004)句中of 应改为from 5. 主谓一致性:第三人称单数漏掉s,或主语为复数,谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET 2000)此句中主语是my picture and the prize, is 应改为are.6. 冠词:定冠词the的多余或缺失,如季节,月份,星期,球类及三餐活动,称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the,或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the;a, an的混用,特别注意:hour, honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母,但其发音却是以元音素开头,故用an,而useful, university, European, one-hour等虽然首字母是元音字母,但却以辅音音素开头,故用a。
如:As everyone knows, it's ˇfamous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 76 (NMET 2002)此处famous前应加上冠词a7. 数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等,基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of,几千thousands of漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数,如seven hundred,写作seven hundreds。 8. 连词:不合句中的逻辑关系。
如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so),或相反等等。如:(1)The food was expensive and the service was good. 84(NMET 2002)根据句意,此句中连词and应改为 but 。
(2) I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn't seem to work. 84 (NMET 2004)此句中since应改为but。9. 代词:主要是代词的格与数的错用。
如。
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
一、试题特征
设错类型分两大类:语法错误和逻辑错误,语法错误包括词法错误和句法错误。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容问形式,以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词。缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to,连词、语义不完整现象等方面。多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。下表为近两年高考短文改错词法设置的主要考点:
二、解题思路
(一)注意英语词汇的曲折变化从历年高考短文改错的命题看,考查英语的曲折附加成份占有相当大的比例。
所谓曲折变化即是各种词形的变化,它是拼音文字特有的表现形式,如:动词的曲折变化,名词的曲折变化,代词的曲折变化,形容词副词的曲折变化等,而汉语则无这种变化。因此在复习时,应充分了解各种词性的曲折变化,针对性地进行专门训练。
1.考查英语动词多变的外在形式,包括时态的曲折变化、现在第三人称单数、被动语态的曲折变化、非谓语动词的曲折变化等。
A.非谓语动词错误
1) I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future! (NMET 2005福建)
析:see改为seeing。look forward to 中to为介词,后接动名词。
2) I may just listen to music; I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts. (NMET
2004全国卷II)
析:giving改为given,过去分词做定语。
3) In other words, they help to keep people strong and feel good (NMET 2005湖北)
析:feel改为feeling,考查keep sb. doing
4) I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room (NMET
2005江西)
析:shone改为shining。"with+名词+现在分词”构成的复合结构。
B. 时态错误
1)
Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become strangers at once. (NMET2004)
析:talked改为talk,由后半句可知。
2) I will write again and send you the photos we take together. (NMET 2005)
析:take改为took
C. 语态错误
1) When one student does so, much larger values are destroying. (NMET2005重庆)
析:destroying改为destroyed。
2) After the drive, it was cost just over $ 2 to put the car back into perfect cond至t至on.
(NMET 2005安徽)
析:去掉was。此处cost不用被动语态。
2.考查英语名词的单复数变化
1) And I came to understand that knowledge, could change my life (NMET 2005辽宁)
析:knowledge,改为knowledge.
2) I used to love science class-all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (NMET
2001春季)
析:class改为 classes,山后半句可知。
3.考查英语代词的变化
1) I felt very pleased with me. (NMET 2005天津)
析:me改为myself.
2) This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded "the best car in the
world".(NMET 2005安徽)
析:This改为It, it代替that从句。
4.考查比较形容词、副词的变化
1) It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. (NMET 2005福建)
析:real改为really.
2) It is dishonest and foolishly to help or to ask help from others. (NMET 2005重庆)
析:foolishly改为foolish。
3) (After learning the basics of the subject,) nothing else seemed very practically to me. (NMET 2001春季)
析:practically改为practical,形容词作表语。
5. 考查词性、词形误用。不同的句法功能要求使用与之相适应的词性、词形。
1) There have been reports in America
about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. (NMET2004卷III)
析:person改为personal,形容词做定语。
2) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (NMET1998)
析:important改为importance。
3) I would describe myself as shy and quietly.(NMFT 2001)
析:quietly改为quiet, describe... as后用形容词。
(二)考查短文中的行文逻辑错误
针对此类试题,考生必须对全文整体理解并根据上下文,才能发现问题所在。考生要根据前后文的选择、因果等其他关系确定使用适当的连词。同时不要忽视and—but;and—or;
not对于整个句意的逻辑关系所造成的根本变化,这也是命题的惯用手法。例如:
1) We liked the dishes you bad cooked but we were happy to learn the English songs you
taught us. ( NMET2007,山东)
析:but改为and。上下文为并列关系。
2)
Unfortunately, I won't be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (NMET 2001)
析:although改为as because. 上下文为因果关系。
3) He told me that I'd probably have a heart attack while I started eating less. (NMET
2005广东)
析:while改为unless.
4) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (NMET1997 )
析:去掉more,
more与句首first逻辑不符。
(三)短文改错中的一致现象
短文改错中所涉及的一致关系主要包括主谓一致,即谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子主语保持一致;时态一致,即句中谓语动词的时态要与该句中的时间状语或上下文乃至全文的时态保持一致;代词指代一致,即代词所指代的内容要与该先行词在性和数方面以及要与其自身的指代在意义上保持一致。例如:
1.代词指代一致
l) Some
students may also save up for our college or future use. (NMET 2005)
析:our改为their。主语为some students。
2) More people start a stamp collection of your own (and discover an interest which can
even last a lifetime). (NMET 2004浙江)
析:your改为their,注意代词和主语的一致。
2.主谓一致
1) Having fun with their friends make them happy. (NMET 2005湖北)
析:make改为makes,
动名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。
2) I did a good job and won the first prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in
the library. (NMET 2000)
析:由and连接两个并列成分,如果不是指同一个人或物,或一体性的物如knife
and fork等,谓语动词要用复数形式。故将is改为are。
3.时态一致
1) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my
studies so that I'll get goal marks in all my subjects. (NMET2001)
析:根据全文时态,应将did改为do。
2) During the World Cup in 2002. my dad stays up late just to watch his favorite sport.
(NMET 2005浙江)
析:stays改为stayed。
(四)注意短文改错中的平行结构现象
平行结沟是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时.要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与动词相配,形容词与形容词相配,分词与分词相配,不定式与不定式相配,短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and,
but,or或连词词组not only...but also... , not... but...,either... or...,neither...
nor...,as well as等。例如:
1) I still remember going there early and felt anxious about the new world. (NMET 2005辽宁)
析:felt改为feeling,和going并列。
2) We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. (NMET 2005江苏)
析:keep,改为kept,和named并列。
(五)“画龙还须点睛”......短文改错中的缺词错误分析
1.缺系动词
I'd like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country. (NMET 1997)
析:like to后加be.
2.缺介词
But I have spent most my money, so I cannot even go out of town. (NMET 2004)
析:my前加of。
3.缺冠词、物主代词等限定词
1) I hope you've had pleasant journey home. (NMET 2005)
析:pleasant前加a.
2) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (NMET 2001)
析:fire前加the,
4.在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词
People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. (NMET 1990)
析:people后加who,此句缺少定语从句引导词。
5. 缺连接词
I told Mother. Father, Sister, all my friends(here what a great time I had). (NMET 1995)
析:all前加and,最后两个并列成份之间要用并列连词。
6.缺否定词
He is a kind-hearted man and he will refuse to help others at any time.
析:Will后应加not,根据逻辑可知。
7. 缺不定式符号to
My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good
education. (NMET2001)
析:make前加to。不定式表示目的。
8.缺少助动词
Why you think so tinny people still suffer from poverty now? (NMLT 2001广东)
析:Why后加do。
(六)“画蛇何须添足”......短文改错中的多词错误分析
1.受母语思维影响,出现汉语式结构,造成冗言冗言错误的形成主要来自汉英差异的模糊。
对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异缺乏了解。主要考查程度副词和频率副词,如much,
more,often等的多余;同意的重复现象;句子结构中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响,多用了某些词语等。例如:
1) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (NMET 2000)
析:去掉often,因为whenever表示“无论什么时候”,若用often显得重复。
2) I'll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (NMET 2000春季)
析:all与the whole重复。只能保留一处,由于此处不表示特指,故只能去掉all。
3) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(NMET 2004福建)
析:去掉but前一句是让步状语从句。
2.不明词义内涵,造成词义重叠
1) I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold, wet night. (NMET 2005江西)
析:去掉far, far和a few miles语义重复。
2) All of us were sitting around the fire in the living room, listening to one of grandma's
best favourite stories.
析:去掉best或favorite, best意为“最好的”, favorite意为“最喜欢的”,语义重复,所以只保留其中的一个。
3.多介词
1) Will you join in the tourist group organized by our school? ( NMET 2005山东)
析:去掉in。
2) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. (NMET 2005江苏)
析:去掉for。
3) I won't be able to come in this time. (NMET 2000北京春季)
析:去掉in。作状语的时间名词前有this,
that, these, those, one, all, next, last, tomorrow, yesterday, any, some, every, each等修饰时,其前不能使用介词。
4.多冠词
We have made a great progress. (NMET 2005福建)
析:去掉a, progress不可数。
5.定语从句中的成分重复
1) There are a lot of things I haven't time to do them.
析:去掉them, them和被省略的定语从句引导词重复。
2) He has made a great discovery which I think it is of great importance to science.
析:去掉it, it和which重复。
6. 固定搭配中多限定词
1) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (NMET 2000)
析:去掉a,句中是固定搭配,表示“(忽然)看见”。
2) …in any other words, I am an only child. (NMET2001)
析:去掉any, in other words为固定搭配,意为“换句话说”。
7.多不定式符号to
Some students may also to save up for their colleges or future use. (NMET 2005)
析:去掉to,情态动词后用动词原型
8.形容词副词前多修饰语
Both the diet and the exercise will help me to lose weight and feel more better. (NMET
2005广东)
析:more改为much。more不能用来修饰better。
三、短文改错题的解题策略
(一)解题步骤
l.通读全文,掌握大意
短文改错不同于单句改错,它涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间必要的联系错误。单独看可能是对的,但从整体看却与上下文不符。做短文改错时应该树立整体意识,应从短文整体入手,短文改错实际上间接地考查考生的文意理解和纠错能力,所以考生必须在阅读并且在理解文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。因此,事先应该先快速粗读一遍短文,留心文中关键的词句,把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系,为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。
2.整句理解,逐行分析。
因为短文改错题的特征是分行设置错误的,而不是以句子为一个单位设置错误。考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上,对照上下文逐行逐字细读,分行判断理清句意,找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系,推断字里行问的含义,检查句子的结构是否完整,语气是否连贯等。在细读全文时,抓住短文改错的规律,分析要以句子为理解单位,挖掘错误却要以行为单位。总之,在分析句子过程中,考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析,根据上文讲的错误类型确定正确答案。
3.复读全文,检查核对
回头重读全文验证答案,将初步改错的短文再次细读,检查并验证所做的答案是否能使语气贯通流畅,行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理,语篇结构是否严密完整。在复读检查过程中,既要看清词和句子,更要注意整体的逻辑关系,特别是上下文的联系,既要重视文字、句子的字面意思,又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构。还要特别留意文章的意思是否连贯通顺,是否符合逻辑。
(二)须注意的问题
1.在训练和考试中要严格按照题例要求和解题说明,用规定的符号去改错。不要用文字去说明或用箭头去表示,更不能随意在原题中乱划。
2.注意一些改错原则
1)标点符号不改。
2)词序错误不变。
3)大小写不改。
4)改错只能是一一对应,不能把两个或更多的词改为一个词。
5)必须用相近或相反的词更换名词或动词等实词。
3.在平时高三复习过程中,要系统掌握英语语法知识,并能正确运用。注意收集平时易犯错误,重视归纳总结,熟悉错误类型。短文改错与书面表达的训练要相互渗透。在写作时,要注意培养自己的纠错能力。考题中的错误五花八门,但只要有了一定的水平,什么样的试题都能应付。所以练习短文改错时,应尽量从正面入手,牢牢掌握正确的规则。
英语改错题
导语:高考英语试题中短文改错对考生的要求很高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力,进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。考生在该项上往往失分较多,对该题感到束手无策。那么怎样找错误就成了解题的关键。现在分享一下短文改错题型的答题技巧。
短文改错解题思路和检查原则1. 句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;
2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;
3. 非谓语动词的用法;
4. 名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;
5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;
6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误;
7. 定语从句中关系代词、关系副词是否准确无误;
8. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则
改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则;以保持句子原意为原则。
短文改错解题步骤:
通读全文,掌握大意;整句分析,逐行推敲;反复通读,复查验证。
解题注意要点和能力培养
1. 核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合?1:1:8?的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。
2. 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
3. 核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号、忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
短文改错常见错误类型
1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改为do,错误类型属于①)
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改为visited,错误类型属于②)
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (was改为were,错误类型属于③)
There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④)
2. 名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。
I?ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改为subjects)
Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word改为words)
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge)
3. 冠词错误:误用a和an(根据单词的.第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改为the,the same是固定搭配)
As everyone knows, it?s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词,所以其前加a)
I hope you have pleasant journey. (journey是可数名词,故have后加a)
4. 形容词和副词错误:系动词(am/is/are/was/were/become/go)和感官性动词(smell/feel)后用形容词;词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词和形容词)。
I?m sure we?ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词,要用形容词wonderful修饰)
My pronunciation was terribly. (was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible)
5. 代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me改为myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (to前加it)
If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加-s)
What?s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)
6. 非谓语动词的常见错误:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致;介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy后需接动名词,talk改为talking)
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go作主语,应改为going)
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语,read改为reading)
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的动名词前后不一致,故saw改为seeing)
7. 介词错误:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用。
There are too many people among my family. (among改为in,in my family为固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at,the moment引导从句)
历年高考短文改错分析
一、一致性问题
1.主谓一致
1)What are your favourite sport?(’97)is这是对疑问句主谓一致的考查。
2)Play football not only makes us grow up tall…(’98)Playing
动词原形加-ing构成动名词形式,与谓语动词makes一致。
3)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(2000)are
主语为复数概念“我的照片和奖牌”。
2.时态一致
1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
(’96)drive
连词and连接的是两个并列的动作meet和drive。
2)They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing.
(’96)had
整篇文章记述过去发生的事情,用的是过去时。
3)Hello,I learn about you from my English teacher,…(’97)learned
从教师那儿知道,是过去发生的行为,故须用过去时。
4)My favourite sport is football.
I was a member of our school football team.(’98)am整篇文章描述现在的情况,用的是一般现在时。此句也应改为一般现在时。
5)…not only makes us…but also give us a sense of fair play…(’98)gives“not only…”连接的应是两个相等的成份,用第三人称单数。
6)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing…(’99)was
此句描述的是过去的事情,且下句也是用的过去时,故要改为was。
7)I remembered her words and calm down.
(2000)calmed
连词and连接两个相等的成份。
3.名词的单复数一致
1)…and asked me lots of question.
(’96)questions
“question”为可数名词,用在lotsof后面,应加-s。
2)We study quite a few subject,such as maths,…(’97)subjects
A few后面应跟可数名词的复数形式。
3)…and often watch football match on TV…
(’98)matches
经常观看足球赛,足球赛应为复数形式。
4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success,…(2000)schoolmates
此处同学为复数概念,应加上-s。
4.代词的性、数一致
1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel…(’96)their
主语The Smiths用以指代一家人或夫妇俩,后面的代词应该用their。
2)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the games.(’98)we
全文谈论的都是“我们”的事,此处也应一致。
3)Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.(’99)one
此句考查表示三者以上的代词搭配one…another。
4)The day before the speech contest English teacher…(2000)my
可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English,但指代不明。根据上下文,加上my比较贴切。
5.语意一致
She was smiling but nodding at me.
(2000)and
微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关系。
第一部分 历年高考短文改错分析
一、一致性问题
1.主谓一致
1)What are your favourite sport?(’97)is这是对疑问句主谓一致的考查。
2)Play football not only makes us grow up tall…(’98)Playing
动词原形加-ing构成动名词形式,与谓语动词makes一致。
3)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(2000)are
主语为复数概念“我的照片和奖牌”。
2.时态一致
1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
(’96)drive
连词and连接的是两个并列的动作meet和drive。
2)They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing.
(’96)had
整篇文章记述过去发生的事情,用的是过去时。
3)Hello,I learn about you from my English teacher,…(’97)learned
从教师那儿知道,是过去发生的行为,故须用过去时。
4)My favourite sport is football.
I was a member of our school football team.(’98)am整篇文章描述现在的情况,用的是一般现在时。此句也应改为一般现在时。
5)…not only makes us…but also give us a sense of fair play…(’98)gives“not only…”连接的应是两个相等的成份,用第三人称单数。
6)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing…(’99)was
此句描述的是过去的事情,且下句也是用的过去时,故要改为was。
7)I remembered her words and calm down.
(2000)calmed
连词and连接两个相等的成份。
3.名词的单复数一致
1)…and asked me lots of question.
(’96)questions
“question”为可数名词,用在lotsof后面,应加-s。
2)We study quite a few subject,such as maths,…(’97)subjects
A few后面应跟可数名词的复数形式。
3)…and often watch football match on TV…
(’98)matches
经常观看足球赛,足球赛应为复数形式。
4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success,…(2000)schoolmates
此处同学为复数概念,应加上-s。
4.代词的性、数一致
1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel…(’96)their
主语The Smiths用以指代一家人或夫妇俩,后面的代词应该用their。
2)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the games.(’98)we
全文谈论的都是“我们”的事,此处也应一致。
3)Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.(’99)one
此句考查表示三者以上的代词搭配one…another。
4)The day before the speech contest English teacher…(2000)my
可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English,但指代不明。根据上下文,加上my比较贴切。
5.语意一致
She was smiling but nodding at me.
(2000)and
微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关系。
第一部分 历年高考短文改错分析
一、一致性问题
1.主谓一致
1)What are your favourite sport?(’97)is这是对疑问句主谓一致的考查。
2)Play football not only makes us grow up tall…(’98)Playing
动词原形加-ing构成动名词形式,与谓语动词makes一致。
3)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(2000)are
主语为复数概念“我的照片和奖牌”。
2.时态一致
1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
(’96)drive
连词and连接的是两个并列的动作meet和drive。
2)They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing.
(’96)had
整篇文章记述过去发生的事情,用的是过去时。
3)Hello,I learn about you from my English teacher,…(’97)learned
从教师那儿知道,是过去发生的行为,故须用过去时。
4)My favourite sport is football.
I was a member of our school football team.(’98)am整篇文章描述现在的情况,用的是一般现在时。此句也应改为一般现在时。
5)…not only makes us…but also give us a sense of fair play…(’98)gives“not only…”连接的应是两个相等的成份,用第三人称单数。
6)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing…(’99)was
此句描述的是过去的事情,且下句也是用的过去时,故要改为was。
7)I remembered her words and calm down.
(2000)calmed
连词and连接两个相等的成份。
3.名词的单复数一致
1)…and asked me lots of question.
(’96)questions
“question”为可数名词,用在lotsof后面,应加-s。
2)We study quite a few subject,such as maths,…(’97)subjects
A few后面应跟可数名词的复数形式。
3)…and often watch football match on TV…
(’98)matches
经常观看足球赛,足球赛应为复数形式。
4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success,…(2000)schoolmates
此处同学为复数概念,应加上-s。
4.代词的性、数一致
1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel…(’96)their
主语The Smiths用以指代一家人或夫妇俩,后面的代词应该用their。
2)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the games.(’98)we
全文谈论的都是“我们”的事,此处也应一致。
3)Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.(’99)one
此句考查表示三者以上的代词搭配one…another。
4)The day before the speech contest English teacher…(2000)my
可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English,但指代不明。根据上下文,加上my比较贴切。
5.语意一致
She was smiling but nodding at me.
(2000)and
微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关系。