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高考语法动词总结大全,高考语法动词
tamoadmin 2024-07-12 人已围观
简介1.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要2.高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词3.高考英语语法填空给出一个动词,作谓语要怎么填,非谓语呢?详细点4.高考的语法题中如何区分位于动词和非谓语动词5.高考英语13个语法考点6.高考英语语法辅导:非谓语动词做定语《高中英语语法-need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如
1.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要
2.高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词
3.高考英语语法填空给出一个动词,作谓语要怎么填,非谓语呢?详细点
4.高考的语法题中如何区分位于动词和非谓语动词
5.高考英语13个语法考点
6.高考英语语法辅导:非谓语动词做定语
《高中英语语法-need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)
4.Dare作实义动词和实义动词变化相同,有人称、数和时态的变化。
1) She dares to answer these questions.
2) We should dare to think , speak and do.
3) Do you dare to touch the snake?
4) She said she dared.
5) He never dare to come here.
6) You should do it if you dare.
7) She lied on the bed , not daring to make a noise.
8) I didn't know that how he dared to drive a car.
[示例]考题1No one ____ say that he could see the Emperor?s new
clothes.
A. dare B. Needs C. Dared to D. need to
解析根据提干要求表示过去的情况即那时没有人有胆量敢说他没看见皇帝的
新衣裳,因此应选C,因dare表示过去式是实义动词才合乎题意。
考题2You ____ bring many books back until next month.
A. need to B. Dare to C. Dare not D. needn?t
分析据题旨意,句子后用了until介词+时间的介词短语作时间状语,那么前
面的动词bring是终止性动词应使用否定式表示没必要,而dare not意为不敢,
不合题意,所以正确答案是D。
考题3Tom wanted me to play truant this afternoon with him ,
but I ____ do so.
A. dared not B. Didn?t dare to C. Not dare D. dare not
分析据该题意也是说过去的情况,在A项中dare作为情态动词不能用过去式,
C和D项均不合题意。答案B,是表示过去式,dare在这里作为实义动词前面
用助动词的过去,后面to 可以跟不定式,可断定适合题意,所以该题答案选B。
考题4Father sent me the book , so I ____ to him for it.
A. needn?t write B. Needn?t have written C. dare not write
D. dare not have written
分析据题意:父亲把书寄来了,我本没必要给他写信,但信已写了。所以该选
项的B答案,此答案needn?t接动词的完成式表示过去本来没必要做的事,而做
了,所以与该题达意。
习题
1. You must pay the money , but you ____ do so at once.
A. mustn?t B. Dare not C. Needn?t D. don?t need.
2. You ____ try it again.
A.. needn?t to B. Needs C. Needn?t D. didn?t need
3. I wonder if he ____ wait any longer.A. need B. Needs C. Need to
D. doesn?t need
4. She ____ kill the snake . She is afraid of it.
A. doesn?t dare B. Dares not to C. Dare not D. dare to
5. Being scolded by the teacher , the boy stood before him without
____ his head.
A. daring lift B. Daring to lift C. Daring lifting D. dare to
lift 《高中英语语法-need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)》由liuxue86.com我整理
高考英语语法:高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要
1 系动词
系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如:
He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder. 他从上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词
《高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
动词不定式用法举要
?动词不定式的语法功能
动词不定式可以在句子中作除谓语之外的几乎所有成分,即可在不同的句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。如:
To see is to believe. (主语)眼见为实,耳听为虚。 / 百闻不如一见。
Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten? (表语)她的工作是在幼儿园照顾小孩。
The old woman hopes to travel to Hainan. (宾语)那老太太希望去海南旅游。
The doctor persuaded the patient to give up smoking . (宾语补足语)医生劝说这位病人戒烟。
Tom has a great deal of housework to do this weekend. (定语)这个周末汤姆有很多家务活要做。
Nice to see you again here. (状语)很高兴再次在这见到你。
To be honest/frank, l dislike her. (独立成分)老实 / 坦白说,我不喜欢她。
?动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定式由? not+ 不定式?构成。如:
I decided not to go there so hurriedly . 我决定不这么匆忙地去那儿。
?动词不定式的省略
1 .省略不定式的符号 to.
动词不定式作 see, look at, watch, notice, observe, feel 等感官动词以及 have, let, make 等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时,不定式的符号 to 要省略。如:
I often hear my neighbor sing English songs 我经常听到我邻居唱英文歌。
2 .保留不定式的符号 to, 省略动词原形。
有时为了避免重复,可以只用 to 代替前面的不定式,这种情况往往出现在下列动词如 care, expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, try, want, wish, be glad/ happy/ delighted, would like/ love 等后面。如:
I have never been to Macao but I do wish to. 我从没去过澳门,但我很渴望去。
?动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式,当动词不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时,动词不定式要用被动语态。如:
It is an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。
?动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的逻辑主语有时用? for/of + 名词或代词宾格?构成,不定式的复合结构可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
注意:不定式的复合结构作主语时,? It be + 形容词 +of sb to do sth ?句型应表示人的特征的形容词,且可以转换 成? sb be + 形容词 +to do sth ?句型;而? It +be + 形容词 +for
sb to do sth ? 句型用于表示事情本身的特征,不能倒过来说。如:
It's foolish of Jimmy to make such a decision.(=Jimmy is foolish to make such a decision) 吉米做出这样的决定是愚蠢的。
六、?疑问词 + 动词不定式?结构
?疑问词 + 动词不定式?相当于名词,可以在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。如:
The little girl didn't know what to do next. 那小女孩不知道下一步怎么办。 《高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要》由liuxue86.com我整理
高考英语语法填空给出一个动词,作谓语要怎么填,非谓语呢?详细点
《高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词
2009-03-18 11:48 来源:互联网 作者:佚名 [打印] [评论]
情态动词有一定的词义, 表示某种感情或语气, 是不完全动词, 不能单独作谓语, 需和实义动词一起构成谓语. 常见的情态动词有: can / could, may / might, must, shall / should, will / would, need, ought to, dare / dared等
一.may / might的用法:
1.表示?可以?, 即表示说话人许可或请求许可
a. You may take it away.
b. May I come in ?
2.表示?可能, 也许? (在疑问句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示?是否可能, 会不会?的意思)
a. He may come today.
b. Is it likely to rain ?
c. Do you think the train will be late ?
d. Can the news be true ?这消息会是真的吗?
3.在提建议时, 可用May I
a. May I carry your bag ?
b. May I make a suggestion ?
二.can / could的用法:
1.表示许可或请求许可, 相当于may. 但can比may用得更广泛. can不仅表示说话人同意, 准许, 还可以表示客观条件许可. may通常只表示说话人同意或准许
a. The class is over. You can go home now.
b. You can go there tomorrow.
c. Can I borrow your car for today ?
2.在提建议时, 可用Can I / you
a. Can I buy you a drink ?
3.表示?会, 能?, 相当于be able to
a. He can speak English.
b. Can you play tennis ?
c. Little Tom can?t move the big box.
4.在疑问句中表示怀疑, 不确定或不会有的情况, 即?否定的推测?
a. Can it be true ? 这是真的吗?
b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通过考试了吗?
5.can?t / couldn?t在陈述句中可表示?肯定不, 一定不?的意思
a. He can?t be in the room right now.
b. It can?t have rained last night, for the ground is dry.
6.can?t / couldn?t help doing sth表示?不得不,忍不住做某事?
a. People couldn?t help laughing at the foolish emperor.
7.can / be able to do的区别:
①.be able to可用于各种时态, 而can只有现在时can和过去时could
②.be able to可以和另一个不完全动词连用, 如should be able to (应该能够), must be able to (必须能够)等, 而can则不可以这样用
③.强调?能力?时, 多用be able to
a. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.
④.can可用于人或其他事物作主语的句子中; be able to只用于有生命的名词或代词作主语的句子中
三.must的用法:
1.表示?必须?, 它的否定形式是need not / needn?t, 而不是must not / mustn?t, mustn?t表示禁止或不许做某事
a. You must set off at once.
b. You needn?t tell John about it.
c. You mustn?t play with fire.
2.表示?肯定是, 一定是?的推测意义; 与此对应, 表示?肯定不,一定不?用can?t, 而不用mustn?t
a. You must be very tired now.
b. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.
c. He must have gone away. We don?t see him anywhere.
3.must / have to的区别:
①.must / have to一般可以通用, 但must侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 即?说话人认为必须?; have to侧重于客观上的需要, 含有?客观上不得不?之意
a. If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing.
b. You must / have to study with a teacher if you want to know how to do first aid.
②.must没有时态的变化, 一般用于表示现在或将来; have to有时态的变化, 可用于过去, 现在, 将来各种时态
a. We must study hard when we are young.
b. I think she must remain in hospital for a week.
c. We had to stay there for a whole day because of the rain.
d. We have to practise a lot if we want to speak English well.
e. The situation has changed; we will have to change our plan.
③.它们的否定式mustn?t / not have to有很大的不同: mustn?t表示?不要(做某事)?, 有禁止之意; not have to表示?不必要(做某事)?, 含有?客观上无此必要?之意
a. You mustn?t move a person if he is badly hurt.
b. You don?t have to be a doctor to do first aid.
四.would的用法:
1.表示主观意志和愿望, 即?愿意,想要?
a. Come here whenever you would.
b. He would not leave before he finished his work.
2.would do sth可以表示过去经常发生的动作, 相当于used to do sth
a. When we were children we would go swimming every summer.
b. On Sundays he would go fishing for hours when he lived in the countryside.
3.表示请求, 愿望, 语气客气, 委婉
a. I would like some tea.
b. Would you mind closing the door ?
c. Would you tell me something about your trip ?
4.表示推测, 表示?大概, 也许?的意思
a. That would be the pen you are looking for.那也许是你在找的笔吧
五.should的用法:
1.表示义务, 责任, 可译为?应当?
a. We should complete the text in time.
b. You should be so careless.
2.表示推测或推论, 可译为?可能, 应该是?
a. He should be home by now, I think.
b. He should have arrived in Nanjing by this time.
3.should / ought to的区别:
should / ought to一般可以通用. should侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 有时含有劝告, 建议的口气, 即 ?按我的想法应该如何?; ought to语气更强, 强调?有责任, 有义务做某事?或者 ?按道理应该如何?
a. ?I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.?
b. ?I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.?
六.need的用法: need表示?需要?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作实义动词
1.need作实义动词时, 注意以下用法:
①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主动形式表被动意义)
a. You need to remain in bed.
b. I need you to help me with the housework.
c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)
2.need作情态动词时, 多用于否定句及疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. It is still early. You needn?t hurry. =You don?t need to hurry.
b. It is 11 o?clock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?
3.对于用need的提问, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn?t
a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you needn?t.
七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 ?敢?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作为实义动词
1.作为情态动词时, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.
b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
2.作为实义动词时, 可用于: dare to do sth
a. Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.
b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
3.should / ought to的区别:
should / ought to一般可以通用. should侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 有时含有劝告, 建议的口气, 即 ?按我的想法应该如何?; ought to语气更强, 强调?有责任, 有义务做某事?或者 ?按道理应该如何?
a. ?I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.?
b. ?I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.?
六.need的用法: need表示?需要?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作实义动词
1.need作实义动词时, 注意以下用法:
①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主动形式表被动意义)
a. You need to remain in bed.
b. I need you to help me with the housework.
c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)
2.need作情态动词时, 多用于否定句及疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. It is still early. You needn?t hurry. =You don?t need to hurry.
b. It is 11 o?clock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?
3.对于用need的提问, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn?t
a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you needn?t.
七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 ?敢?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作为实义动词
1.作为情态动词时, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.
b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
2.作为实义动词时, 可用于: dare to do sth
a. Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.
b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ? 《高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)
高考的语法题中如何区分位于动词和非谓语动词
考动词时,大体分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。
谓语动词要考虑时态和语态。考时态时看句子时态的标志性词,例如:so far与现在完成时连用,或者有时得根据句子的语意来判断。考语态时,考虑主动语态和被动语态。
非谓语动词要找到该动词的逻辑主语,看该动词与逻辑主语是主谓关系还是动宾关系来进行选择。有时填不定式表将来或目的。
动词还考词性转化,要熟悉相关的形容词,副词和名词
高考英语13个语法考点
将来时有几种表达方法:
最常见的
will
do,还有对于快速移动的动词(如:go/come/arrive/fly/take等)用be
going(现在进行时)可以表达将来要做的动作,还有一种是:be
(about)
to
do
,即be动词后面加动词不定式(about可以省略)表示马上、立即将要发生的动作,如:
i
am
(about)
to
go
out.
我马上就要出门了
这个句子中因为主句处在过去时的语境中,led(lead的过去式),后面的宾语从句
believe
that...
的时态要保持一致,在过去的将来发生的动作,因此将be动词变形为was,即过去将来时
另外还用了动词不定式的被动语态,因为make
a
fortune(谁发财,赚大钱)这个词组中,fortune(运气、财气)是宾语,宾语提前要用被动语态,就是运气要来了,最终成为了:was
to
be
made(不能选b,因为是主动语态make,是不对的)
高考英语语法辅导:非谓语动词做定语
高考英语语法知识点
一般过去时
①一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如:
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如:
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型:
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
高考英语知识要点
1.表示“大量、许多”
可数:number/many/dozen/a great number 不可数:a great deal/amount/much 都可以:plenty of/lot/quantity/mass
2.可以修饰形容词比较级:far/even/any/much/rather/a bit/a lot
3.lie躺-lay-lain-lying 撒谎-lied-lied-lying
Lay下蛋-laid-laid-laying
4.can表示能力,be able to表示经过努力,有时态变化
5.receive强调客观接收,accept强调主观接受
6.on account of因为,由于;account for说明原因解释
7.accuse sb of指控某人,sue指控
8.add to增加扩大,add up加起来,add up to总共总计
9.afford负担得起,抽得出时间
10.after以过去为起点,用于过去时态,in以将来为起点,用于将来时态
南开中学 李士明
非谓语动词做定语
直接修饰名词的成分称为定语,一般由形容词或名词担当,也可以分别由不定式、分词或动名词等非谓语动词来担当。那么如何区别并正确使用非谓语动词呢?
NON-FINITES
1. 现在分词与过去分词的区别
我们知道非谓语动词都源于及物和不及物两种谓语动词,要了解现在分词与过去分词的区别就要从谓语动词的基本属性开始。
1)及物动词 (v.t.)
及物动词的主语我们称为动作的发出者(sender),宾语称为动作的承受者(receiver)。
例如:
The news surprised
动词+ing (发出者) 及物动词v.t.
the students.
动词+ed (承受者)
Surprise是及物动词, 在使用surprise这个动词的非谓语分词形式时,修饰动作发出者news用现在分词形式(动词+ing),修饰动作的承受者用过去分词形式(动词+ed)。
●They are talking about the surprising news. (surprising做定语修饰发出者news)
The news is surprising. (surprising做表语修饰发出者news)
They are talking about the surprised students. (surprised做定语修饰承受者students)
The students are surprised. (surprised做表语修饰承受者students)
再来看几个例子:
●exciting games激烈精彩的比赛, excited spectators激情振奋的观众
●disappointing results令人沮丧的结果, disappointed people大失所望的人们
●exhausting work令人疲惫不堪的工作, exhausted workers筋疲力尽的工人
●moving stories感人肺腑的故事, moved students感激涕零的学生
从以上例子可见,现在分词和过去分词都可以用作形容词来修饰名词,修饰动作发出者用现在分词,修饰动作承受者用过去分词。要特别注意的是,依据被修饰的名词是人还是物来判断现在分词和过去分词的用法是不准确的。
例如: They complicated the situation by introducing some more restriction.
他们采用了一些更多的限制把形势复杂化了。
及物动词complicate的发出者是人they, 而承受者是物。因此,“复杂恶化的形势”应译为the complicated situation,“形势是令人棘手的” 应译为The situation is complicated.
从这个例子可以清楚地看出,如果根据中文,很容易将“令人棘手的形势”错误地理解为 “complicating situation”。
再比如我们常用的:
a broken cup 一个破杯子; spoken English英语口语;exported products出口产品。
因此,准确了解所修饰的名词与及物动词的关系,是正确使用及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的关键。
2) 不及物动词(v.i.)
不及物动词只有动作的发出者,不存在动作的承受者。因此,不及物动词的现在分词源于进行时,表示动作正在进行,而过去分词则源于完成时,表示动作已完成。
例如:
●He looked at the leaves which are falling in the air.(从句用进行时修饰名词the leaves)
他看着空气中飘然下落的叶子。
=He looked at the leaves falling in the air.(现在分词短语修饰名词the leaves表示进行)
=He looked at the falling leaves in the air. (现在分词修饰名词the leaves表示进行)
●He walked on the leaves which had fallen on the ground.(从句用完成时修饰名词the leaves) 他走在地面的落叶上。
He walked on the leaves fallen on the ground.(过去分词短语修饰名词leaves表示过去)
He walked on the fallen leaves on the ground. (过去分词修饰名词leaves表示过去)
●the rising sun. = the sun that is rising. 冉冉升起的太阳
the risen sun = the sun that has risen. 已经升在天空的太阳
●boiling water = water which is boiling. 沸腾的水
boiled water = water which has boiled 开过的水
2. 不同形式不定式做定语的区别
动词不定式的一般式可以用做形容词,担当名词的定语, 表示将要发生的动作,不定式的进行式和完成式都不可以用作定语。
1)及物动词不定式一般式主动to do sth和被动to be done 两种形式的区别。
例如:
●Have you anything to send? = Have you anything that you will send?
你有什么东西要(自己)寄吗?(主动含义,动作由you自己去完成)
(to send做定语, 源于定语从句that you will send, 修饰先行词anything, 表示将来。)
●Have you anything to be sent (by others)?=Have you anything that will be sent(by others)?
你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗?(被动含义,动作由他人others去完成)
(to be sent做定语, 源于定语从句that will be sent, 修饰先行词anything, 表示将来。)
从以上两个例子可以看出,不定式的主动形式to send来源于主动语态的定语从句。
而不定式的被动形式to be sent来源于被动语态的定语从句, 不能错误地认为to send 是主动形式表示被动,准确地讲应该牢记主动形式的不定式源于主动语态的从句,被动形式的不定式则源于被动语态的从句,两者绝不可以混淆。
●I have some books for you to read. = I have some books that you should read.
我有几本书希望你读一读。
(for you to read做定语, 源于定语从句that you should read, 修饰先行词books, 表示将来。原从句的主语you在不定式的前面以for you 的形式出现,担当不定式的逻辑主语。)
2)不及物动词不定式一般式做定语
当不及物动词做定语时, 后面必须有相应的介词与前面所修饰的名词相呼应, 从汉语角度理解,而忽略了必要的介词是不及物动词做定语时常见的错误。
例如:
●He is looking for a room to live in.= He is looking for a room which he will live in.
他现在正在找房间住。
(to live in做定语, 源于定语从句which he will live in, 修饰先行词room, 表示将来。)
●Would you like to have another pen to write with? ( to write with the pen)
你需要再准备一支笔用吗?
●Smith is a good man to work with. ( to work with the man)
与史密斯一起工作是再好不过了。
●Lei Feng is a brilliant example for us to learn from. ( to learn from the example)
雷锋是我们学习的光辉榜样。
●Can you lend me a chair to sit on?
您可以借给我一把椅子坐吗?
●Global Financial Crisis is a hot topic to talk about today. ( to talk about the topic)
全球性金融危机是当前人们谈论的热点话题。