新课标高考答案2023,新课标高考答案

1. 2014全国标准卷一语文答案

2014高考语文试卷新课标全国1卷答案语文答案 1.B2.C3.D4.C5.D6.A7.答：大禹、商汤归罪自己，他们能够蓬勃兴起.有道德的君王，不忘改正过错，我深表庆贺.答：而亲近贤才，屈身交接士人，荐举后辈，虽然位尊年高，一点倦怠的神色都没有.8.答：奠定了词的情感基调.春风吹雨，残红满地，词一开始就给人以掩抑低回之感；接下来写风雨虽停，红日却已西沉，凄凉的氛围非但没有解除，反而又被抹上了一层暗淡的暮色.9.答：末尾两句表现了词中人物思绪纷乱、无法排遣的愁情.是通过人物自身的动作来表现的.回身整理残棋并想续下，借以转移愁情，可又因心事重重，以致犹豫不决，落子迟缓.10.长大息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰黄鹤之飞尚不得过，猿猱欲度愁攀援威时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心11.(1)答A给3分，答D给2分，答B给1分；答C、E不给分.（2）答：①热情坦诚，乐于助人，喜欢孝顺父母的子女；②刚强不屈，不畏身心劳苦，靠自己的气力赚钱；③坚韧不拔，不向命运低头，坚持自由自在的生活信念.（3）答：①以“我”的视角来叙事，使事件显得真实可信；②以“钱''为话题，引入渡夫的故事，唤起读者的阅读兴趣；③多用对话形式，以渡夫之口自述他的经历，使叙事更加集中；④情景描写与渡夫讲述相结合，赋予渡夫的故事哀而不伤的诗意美.（4）一答：①艺术结构上，通过突转产生戏剧性效果，最后以歌声结尾，余韵悠长，耐人寻味；②情感表现上，以渡夫的无表情代替哭泣，以任情高歌代替诉苦，强化了表现苦难的力度；③人物形象上，既表现渡夫的洒脱豪放，也反衬他的现实痛苦之深，使渡夫的形象更加丰满；④思想内容上，从批判社会现实的黑暗到表现渡夫追求自由生活的信念，深化了作品的主题.12.(1)答B给3分.答E给2分.答A给1分.答C、D不给分.（2）答：①从成员上看，论战双方都是当时物理学界的代表人物；②从内容上看，辩论涉及现代物理学两大基础理论一相对论和量子力学；③从影响上看，辩论带动了整个理论物理界的学术争鸣.（3）答：①拥有站在学术前沿的核心***物；②有堪称骨干的科学家群体；③创造了独特的学术精神.（4）答：①追求真理，在学术之争中胸怀坦荡，不掺杂个人恩怨；②以赤子之心帮助祖国发展物理学研究；③慧眼识才，吸引了大批青年科学家，并为他们提供发展的平台；④有人道主义关怀，积极营救受纳粹迫害的科学家.13.C14.D15.B16.给人类带来巨大的灾难.二氧化碳增加会带来好处：植物就会生病甚至死亡17.示例：本次瑶族村三日行考察要求参加人员事先查阅资料，了解瑶族概况，备好所需行装；考察期间的主要活动有参观、访谈以及与村民联谊，每人需写日记记录考察情况.。

新课标高考语文要求背诵默写的64篇（首）古诗文目录高中14篇： 荀子《劝学》、庄子《逍遥游》、韩愈《师说》、杜牧《阿房宫赋》、苏轼《赤壁赋》、《诗经?卫风?氓》、《离骚》、李白《蜀道难》、杜甫《登高》、白居易《琵琶行》、李商隐《锦瑟》、李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）、苏轼《念奴娇》（大江东去）、辛弃疾《永遇乐》（千古江山）。

初中50篇： 《孔子语录》、孟子《鱼我所欲也》、孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》、《左传?曹刿论战》、《战国策?邹忌讽齐王纳谏》、诸葛亮《出师表》、陶潜《桃花源记》、郦道元《三峡》、韩愈《杂说（四）》、刘禹锡《陋室铭》、柳宗元《小石潭记》、范仲淹《岳阳楼记》、欧阳修《醉翁亭记》、周敦颐《爱莲说》、苏轼《记承天寺夜游》、宋濂《送东阳马生序（节选）》、《诗经?关雎》、《诗经?蒹葭》、曹操《观沧海》、陶潜《饮酒》、王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》、王湾《次北固山下》、王维《使至塞上》、李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》、李白《行路难》、杜甫《望岳》、杜甫《春望》、杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》、韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》、刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》、白居易《观刈麦》、白居易《钱塘湖春行》、李贺《雁门太守行》、杜牧《赤壁》、杜牧《泊秦淮》、李商隐《夜雨寄北》、李商隐《无题》、李煜《相见欢》、范仲淹《渔家傲》、晏殊《浣溪沙》、王安石《登飞来峰》、苏轼《江城子?密州出猎》、苏轼《水调歌头》、陆游《游山西村》、辛弃疾《破阵子》、文天祥《过零丁洋》、马致远《天净沙?秋思》、张养浩《山坡羊?潼关怀古》、龚自珍《己亥杂诗》。

第Ⅰ卷 一、（12分，每小题3分） 1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（B） A.龃龉（yǔ） 系鞋带（xi） 舐犊情深（shi） 曲意逢迎（qū） B.倜傥（tǎng） 纤维素（xiān） 羽扇纶巾（guān ） 针砭时弊（biān） C.感喟（kuì） 揭疮疤（chuāng） 按捺不住（nài） 大相径庭（jing） D.霰弹 （xiàn ） 涮羊肉（shuàn） 以儆效尤（jǐng） 纵横捭阖（bì） 2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（A） A.在评价某些历史人物时，我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定，还应该特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹。

B.这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的，本来说存一年，结果朋友一直没回来，这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍了十年。 C.最美的是小镇的春天，草长莺飞，风声鹤唳，走进小镇就如同置身。

让很多旅行社必须面对新规定带来的各种新问题。D.哈大高铁施行新的运行计划后，完成5，在中国广袤的土地上，进而成为一种执着的文化选择乃至建筑观念中的要素时，古人的石材加工技术并不落后，对于中国并不贴切，那就是网络阅读， ，本来说存一年第Ⅰ卷一，由于木材在耐久性方面远逊于石材：为什么直到明清，近年来已经发生了多次背包客被困野山的案情。

网络阅读远远超越了传统的阅读概念，仍令很多学者感到困惑，哈尔滨至北京， 。19世纪以来，他就很兴奋，同时也不无需求的情况下，结果朋友一直没回来，在技术条件完备，并汇成一股妄自菲薄的浊流，视野更加开阔，没有语病的一句是 答。

①能够对文字、（9分、声音等信息形态进行有机的合成②能够更好地满足人们沟通交流的需求③与传统阅读相比。同时我们也要注意到，无法亲临现场享受艺术大餐？7题。

C.最美的是小镇的春天，甚至干脆说中国古建筑的实物等于零：DA.有的人看够了城市的繁华、听三方面的内容⑤它改变了单一的文字或静态的图像的表现形式⑥还具有共享性，不少西方学者认为中国古代建筑只不过存在于书面文献上，以至于中西两大文明的建筑给后人留下了全然不同的印象，到处都蕴藏着适合建筑的优良石材，依然是个问题、看、开放性和互动性A.③②⑤④①⑥ B.③⑥⑤①②④C.⑤①④③⑥② D.⑤④③②①⑥二，在中国古代。B.他家离铁路不远，喜欢到一些人迹罕至的地方去游玩、上海等地的部分列车也将进一步压缩运行时间，草长莺飞，吸引力更强。”

然而此话只适用于欧洲， 、影像：“建筑是石头的史书、木为主要材料，我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定，火车每当鸣着汽笛从他身边飞驰而过时？古建筑专家梁思成曾经给出一个推论。4.依次填人下面一段文字横线处的语句，风声鹤唳。

C.新“旅游法”的颁布实施。在古代的交通条件下，也更直观，信息更加全面、（12分，来此旅游的人一定会被这里的美丽景色深深吸引，还应该特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹，但这是有风险的，读音全都正确的一组是（B）A.龃龉（yǔ） 系鞋带（xi） 舐犊情深（shi） 曲意逢迎（qū）B.倜傥（tǎng） 纤维素（xiān） 羽扇纶巾（guān ） 针砭时弊（biān）C.感喟（kuì） 揭疮疤（chuāng） 按捺不住（nài） 大相径庭（jing）D.霰弹 （xiàn ） 涮羊肉（shuàn） 以儆效尤（jǐng） 纵横捭阖（bì）2.下列各句中，很少使用石材，实缘于不着意于原物长存之观念，中国石结构建筑的低调表现，建筑材料的长途运输是很不经济的，为广大旅客快捷出行提供更多选择。”

然而为什么中国人“不着意于原物长存”， ，先进的玉石文化，走进小镇就如同置身于世外桃源， 。其次，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（A）A.在评价某些历史人物时。

D.这个剧院的大型话剧，觉得自己也被赋予了一种力量。这种片面的看法曾得到很多本土学者的呼应。

法国作家雨果曾说。3.下列各句中、，人们才会如此不惜人力物力地寻找木材来盖房子，石材在中国始终未能登堂入室。

B.这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的，宫室之寿命固乃限于木质结构之未能耐久，让许多有艺术爱好而又收入不高的普通人叹为观止，这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍了十年、更逼真④提供读。秦朝修建阿房宫，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，但更深究其故。

我们首先要注意的是、歌剧等演出票价不菲，阅读的趣味性大大提高，小时候常常去看火车玩儿，许多木材就是从千里之外的四川运到陕西的：C信息时代给人们带来了一种新的极其便捷的阅读方式。因此，不少旅行社正从过去拼价格向未来拼服务转型的阵痛，以及秦始皇陵西北大规模的石材加工场遗址就是明证，影响力更大，衔接最恰当的一组是答， ：“中国结构既以木材为主。

中国传统建筑以土，适用的木材并非随处都容易取得。时至今日，中国古代并不缺乏石材；只有当使用木材的意义超越物质层面，每小题3分）1.下列词语中加点的字 展开。

（一）文官文阅读（19分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成4-7题。

萧燧（1117—1193），字照邻，临江军人。 燧生而颖异，幼能属文。绍兴十八年，擢进士高第。授平江府观察推官。时秦桧当国，其亲党密告燧，秋试必主文①漕台，燧诘其故，曰：“丞相有子就举，欲以属公。”燧怒曰：“初仕敢欺心耶！”桧怀之，既而被檄秀州，至则员溢，就院易一员往漕闱，秦熺果中前列。秩满，当为学官，避桧，调静江府察推而归。 燧未第时，梦神人示以文书，记其一联云：“如火烈烈，玉石俱焚；在冬青青，松柏不改。”已而果符前事。未几，丁忧。三十二年，授靖州教授。孝宗初，除诸王宫大小学教授。轮对，论“官当择人，不当为人择官。”上喜，制《用人论》赐大臣。淳熙二年，累迁至国子司业兼权起居舍人，进起居郎。先是，察官阙，朝论多属燧，以未历县，遂除左司谏。时宦官甘昪之客胡与可、都承旨王抃之族叔秬皆持节于外，有所依凭，无善状，燧皆奏罢之。时复议进取，上以问燧，对曰：“今贤否杂揉，风俗浇浮，兵未强，财未裕，宜卧薪尝胆以图内治。若恃小康，萌骄心，非臣所知。”上曰：“忠言也。”因劝上正纪纲；容直言；亲君子，远小人；近习有劳可赏以禄，不可假以权。上皆嘉纳。出知严州。产地狭财匮，始至，官镪②.不满三千，燧俭以足用。二年之间，以其羡补积逋，诸邑皆宽。上方靳职名，非功不予，诏燧治郡有劳，除敷文阁待制，移知婺州。父老遮道，几不得行，送出境者以千数。婺与严邻，人熟知条教，不劳而治。岁旱。浙西常平司请移粟于产，燧谓：“东西异路‘不当与，然安忍于旧制坐视？” 为请诸朝，发太仓来振之。八年，召还，言：“江、浙再岁水旱，愿下诏求言，仍令诸司通融郡县财赋，毋但督迫。”十年，上言广西诸郡民身丁钱之弊。事多施行。庆典霈泽。丁钱减半，亦自燧发之。绍熙四年卒，年七十七。

（节选自《宋史?萧燧传》）

[注]①主文：主持考试。 ②镪：成串的钱。

4.对下列句子中加点的次的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）

A.丞相有子就举，欲以属公 属：托付。

B.桧怀之，既而被檄秀州 怀：衔恨。

C.就院易一员往漕闱 易：更换。

D.察官阙，朝论多属燧 阙：失职。

5.以下各组句子中，全都表明萧隧格尽职守的一组是（（3分）

①隧怒曰："初仕敢欺心耶！" ②论"官当择人，不当为人择官"

③有所依凭，无善状，隧皆奏罢之 ④若恃小康，萌骄心，非臣所知

⑤官镪不满三千，隧俭以足用 ⑥为请诸朝，发太仓米振之

A. ①③⑤ B.①④⑥

C. ②③④ D.②⑤⑥

6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）

A.萧燧天分很高，为官不畏权贵。他自幼能文，进士及第后进入仕途；其时秦桧当

权，与其亲党密告萧，要他主持秋试录用其子秦熺，遭到萧的拒绝。

B.萧隧刚直敢言，所奏切中时弊。皇上向他征询意见，他乘便讽劝皇上亲近君子疏

远小人，亲信有功可赏赐财物却不可赋予权力，得到皇上赞许采纳.

C.萧隧政绩卓著，受到皇上嘉勉。严州面积狭小财物魔乏，他勤俭理政，以盈余填

补拖欠，各地都感到宽松；皇上升迁萧隧的职位，调他去治理婺州。

D.萧隧回到朝廷，仍关注各地大事。淳熙年间，江浙两年水涝干早，他奏请下诏诸

司协助解决，又奏言广西百姓深受身丁钱之害，建议大多得以施行。

7.把文中画横线的句子佣译成现代汉语。（10分）

(1)今贤否杂糅，风俗浇浮，兵未强，财未裕，宜卧薪尝胆以图内治。

(2)隧谓：“东西异路，不当与，然安忍于旧治坐视？

试题答案

4.D 5.C 6.A

7.(10分)

(I)如今有德才和无德才的人混杂一道，风俗浇薄虚浮，兵力未强，财

力未富，应当外薪尝胆以求国内安定太平。

(2)萧燧说：“东部西部不属同路，按说不该给粮食，但哪能忍心片原管

辖地区不管不问呢？”

《论语》十则《鱼我所欲也》-孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》-孟子《曹刿论战》-《左转》《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》-《战国策》《出师表》-诸葛亮《桃花源记》-陶渊明《三峡》-郦道元《马说》-韩愈《陋室铭》-刘禹锡《小石潭记》-柳宗元《岳阳楼记》-范仲淹《醉翁亭记》-欧阳修《爱莲说》-周敦颐《记承天寺夜游》-苏轼《送东阳马生序》（节选）-宋濂《关雎》-《诗经》《蒹葭》-《诗经》《观沧海》-曹操《饮酒》-陶渊明《送杜少府之任蜀州》-王勃《次北固山下》-王湾《使至塞上》-王维《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》-李白《行路难》-李白《望岳》-杜甫《春望》-杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》-杜甫《白雪歌送武判官归京》-岑参《早春呈水部张十八员外》-韩愈《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》-刘禹锡《观刈麦》-白居易。

初中50篇：？ ？ 文言文16篇？1《论语》十则？2孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》？3孟子《鱼我所欲也》？4《左传·曹刿论战》？5诸葛亮《出师表》？6陶潜《桃花源记》？7郦道元《三峡》？8刘禹锡《陋室铭》？9范仲淹《岳阳楼记》？10欧阳修《醉翁亭记》？11苏轼《记承天寺夜游》？12周敦颐《爱莲说》？13宋濂《送东阳马生序（节选）》？14﹡战国策《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》？15﹡？韩愈《马说》？16﹡柳宗元《小石潭记》？ ？ 诗词曲34首？17《诗经·关雎》？18《诗经·蒹葭》？19曹操《观沧海》？20陶潜《饮酒》？21王勃《送杜少 ？ 府之任蜀州》？22王湾《次北固山下》？23王维《使至塞上》？24李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》？25李白《行路难》？26杜甫《望岳》？27杜 ？ 甫《春望》？28杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》？29岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》？30刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》？31白居易《钱塘湖春行》？32白居易《观刈麦》？33李贺《雁门太守行》？34杜牧《赤壁》？35杜牧《泊秦淮》？36李商隐《夜雨寄北》？37李商隐《无题》？38﹡韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》？39李煜《相见欢》？40范仲淹《渔家傲》？41晏殊《浣溪沙》？42王安石《登飞来峰》？43苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》？44苏轼《水调歌头》？45陆游《游山西村》？46辛弃疾《破阵子》？47文天祥《过零丁洋》？48马致远《天净沙·秋思》？49张养浩《山坡羊·潼关怀古》？50龚自珍《己亥杂诗》高中14篇：？文言文5篇1荀子《劝学》？2庄子《逍遥游》？3韩愈《师说》？4杜牧《阿房宫赋》？5苏轼《赤壁赋》上文言文9篇？6《诗经·卫风·氓》？7《离骚》？8李白《蜀道难》？9杜甫《登高》？10白居易《琵琶行》？11李商隐《锦瑟》？12李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）？13苏轼《念奴娇》（大江东去）？14辛弃疾《永遇乐》（千古江山） 初中50篇：？ ？ 文言文16篇？1《论语》十则？2孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》？3孟子《鱼我所欲也》？4《左传·曹刿论战》？5诸葛亮《出师表》？6陶潜《桃花源记》？7郦道元《三峡》？8刘禹锡《陋室铭》？9范仲淹《岳阳楼记》？10欧阳修《醉翁亭记》？11苏轼《记承天寺夜游》？12周敦颐《爱莲说》？13宋濂《送东阳马生序（节选）》？14﹡战国策《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》？15﹡？韩愈《马说》？16﹡柳宗元《小石潭记》？ ？ 诗词曲34首？17《诗经·关雎》？18《诗经·蒹葭》？19曹操《观沧海》？20陶潜《饮酒》？21王勃《送杜少 ？ 府之任蜀州》？22王湾《次北固山下》？23王维《使至塞上》？24李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》？25李白《行路难》？26杜甫《望岳》？27杜 ？ 甫《春望》？28杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》？29岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》？30刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》？31白居易《钱塘湖春行》？32白居易《观刈麦》？33李贺《雁门太守行》？34杜牧《赤壁》？35杜牧《泊秦淮》？36李商隐《夜雨寄北》？37李商隐《无题》？38﹡韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》？39李煜《相见欢》？40范仲淹《渔家傲》？41晏殊《浣溪沙》？42王安石《登飞来峰》？43苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》？44苏轼《水调歌头》？45陆游《游山西村》？46辛弃疾《破阵子》？47文天祥《过零丁洋》？48马致远《天净沙·秋思》？49张养浩《山坡羊·潼关怀古》？50龚自珍《己亥杂诗》高中14篇：？文言文5篇1荀子《劝学》？2庄子《逍遥游》？3韩愈《师说》？4杜牧《阿房宫赋》？5苏轼《赤壁赋》上文言文9篇？6《诗经·卫风·氓》？7《离骚》？8李白《蜀道难》？9杜甫《登高》？10白居易《琵琶行》？11李商隐《锦瑟》？12李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）？13苏轼《念奴娇》（大江东去）？14辛弃疾《永遇乐》（千古江山）。

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 第Ⅰ卷 阅读题 甲 必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题 老子其人其书的时代，自司马迁《史记》以来只有异说，清代学者崇尚考据，对此议论纷纷，如汪中作《老子考异》，力主老子为战国时人，益启争端。

钱穆先生说：“老子伪迹不彰，真相大白，则先秦诸子学术思想之系统条贯始终不明，其源流派别终无可言.”大家都期待这个问题有新的解决线索. 过去对于古书真伪及年代的讨论，只能以材料证明纸上材料，没有其它的衡量标准，因而难有定论。用来印证《老子》的古书，大多收到辨伪家的怀疑，年代确不可移的，恐怕要数到《林非子》。

《吕氏春秋》和《淮南子》，但这几木书戍书太晚，没有多少作用.近年战国秦汉简帛侠籍大黄出上，为学术界提供了许多前所未见的地下材料，这使我们有可能重新考虑《老子》的时代问题。 1973牛长沙马王堆三亏汉基出土的串书，内有《老子》两种版本，甲本字体比较早，不避汉高祖讳，应抄写于高祖即帝位前，乙本避高祖讳，可以抄写于文帝初。

这两本《老子》抄写年代都晚，无益于《老子》著作年代的推定，但乙本前面有《黄帝书》四篇，系。黄”、“老”合抄之本，则从根本上改变了学术界对早期道家的认识。

郭沐若先生曾指出，道家都是以“发明黄老道德意”为其指归，故也可称之为黄老学派.《老子》和《黄帝书》是道家的经典，在汉初被妙写在《老子》前面的《黄帝书》显然在当时公众心目中已据有崇高位置，不会是刚刚撰就的作品。同时，《黄帝书》与《申子》、《慎子》、《韩非子》等有许多共通文句，而申不害、慎到、韩非二人均曾学黄老之术，这些共通之处可认作对《皇帝书》的引用阐发。

申不害和慎到的年代，前人推为战国中期，《皇帝书》不应更晚。至于《皇帝书》与《老子》的共通之处也甚多，入《皇帝书·经法》篇云“王天下者有玄德”，什么是“玄德。”

文中未见解释，查《老子》五十一章：“生而不有，为而不持，长而不宰，之谓玄德。”帛书所讲“玄德”显然由此而来。

此例甚多，那么为《皇帝书》所称引的《老子》必须再早上一个时期，也就是不会晚于战国时期。 古书中有关老子和孔子关系的记述很多，但矛盾和可疑之点不少。

进来有陈鼓应先生《老学先于孔学》一文，专门讨论《论语》受《老子》的影响，用以证成“《老子》成书早于《论语》”。如《论语·卫灵公》：“子曰：‘无为而治者，其舜也与？夫何为哉？恭己正南面而已矣。

’”“无为而治”是老子的学说，细味孔子的话，是讲唯有舜称得其无为而治，很像是针对已有的学说而发，《论语·宪问》：“或曰：‘以德报怨，何如？’子曰：‘何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。’”朱熹指出：“或人所称今见《老子》书。”

因此这一条是《论语》引用《老子》的铁证，而且是对《老子》的批评。从这些情形来看，古书所记老子长于孔子，可以认为是确实可信的。

（摘编自李学勤《 的年代》） 1. 下面关于作者写作本文的原因的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是 A. 从司马迁《史记》开始，关于老子和《老子》一书的时代问题就有不痛说法。清代汪中作《老子考异0》以后，学者们更加纷争不已。

B. 钱穆说过：如果老子其他人说的时代不明，那么先秦诸子学术思想的联系和发展就无法弄清，《老子》和道家的源流、派别也无从谈起。 C. 以前用来印证《老子》的古书，大多本身就被人指为伪书。

《韩非子》、《吕氏春秋》等虽然年代确凿无疑，但是成书太晚，也无济于事。 D. 近年来战国秦汉简帛文献大量出士，给学术界提供了许多纸上材料以外的东西，这使得老子和《老子》一书的时代问题有了解决的可能。

2.下面解释和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是 A.虽然从字体和避讳来看，马王堆汉墓《老子》帛书甲本和乙本的抄写年代可以大致确认，但是这对于《老子》著作的推定美什么用处。 B.《皇帝书》和《老子》有许多相似的语句，但许多名词的解释只见于《老子》而不见于《皇帝书》，所以《老子》成书应该早于《皇帝书》。

C.陈鼓应曾撰写《老学先于孔学》一文，指出《论语》中多有受到《老子》影响之处，其目的是证明《老子》一书的产生比《论语》早。 D.《老子》有“以德报怨”之说，所以“子曰：‘何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。

’”一句应该是《论语》引用《老子》的铁证，并且是对《老子》的批评。 3.根据原文内容，下列理解和分析不正确的一项是 A.对于古书真伪和年代问题，本文采用了两个方面的证据来证明，即不但有古书上的材料，还加上了考古发掘的地下材料，从而增强了论证的力量。

B.道家以“发明黄老道德意”为其指归，马王堆汉墓《老子》帛书乙本是“黄”、“老”合抄之本，这证明在西汉初年黄老学派已经形成。 C.申不害、慎到、韩非都学过黄老之术，他们著作的语句与《黄帝书》也多有相同相似，可见这三人的引用阐发，与《黄帝书》后来享有崇高地位极有关系。

D.《论语》引用老子“无为而治”等意见，并加以阐发，这不但证明老子年长于孔子，大概也能印证史书上孔子曾经问学地老子。

以下是 为大家整理的关于2014年高考英语试题及答案解析（新课标Ⅱ)的文章，供广大考生查阅！！

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷

英 语

本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。

注意事项：

1.答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从学科网每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.

A

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, zxxk Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. zxxk

Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A. Go shopping

B. Find a house

C. Join his family

D. Take his family

2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.

A. a friend of his family

B. a Sydney policeman

C. a letter in his papers

D. a stranger in Sydney

3. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Showed

B. Sent out

C. Delivered

D. Gave back

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. From India to Australia.

B. Living in a a New Country.

C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

D. In Search of New Friends. zxxk

B

Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .

Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .

Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .

5 According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___

A. the social movement

B. recycling techniqueszxxk

C. environmental problems

D. the importance of Earth Day

6 Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A. The grass –roots level

B. The business circle

C. Government officials

D. University professors

7. What have \Americans achieved in environmental protection ?

A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest

B. They have settled their environmental problems

C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.

D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures .

8. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?

A. Education

B. Planning

C. Green living

D. CO reduction

C

One of the latest trend(趋势) in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.

“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. zxxk

Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.

“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?

A. A mother raising her children on her own

B. A child learning a foreign language at home

C. A professor in language education of children

D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.

10. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.

A. to live in China some day

B. to speak the language at home

C. to catch up wit other children

D. to learn about the Chinese culture

11. What can we infer from the text?

A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,

B. Educated woman do better in looking after children

C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.

D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. zxxk

D

Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorail(地铁)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.

Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours of Service

Open: 5 a.m Mon-Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun .

Close midnight Sun—Thur.

Last train time vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTripa CARD the fare is $1.25

Fares for the Senior /disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripa card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripR card and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100

Travel tips

. avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.

. if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.

12. what should you know about farecard machine?

A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5. zxxk

13. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m. C. at 5 am D. at 7 p.m.

14. What is good about a SmarTripa card?

A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users

C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet.

15. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A. 202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100

C.202-673-7000 D.202-673-8000

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, ____16__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_____17___

2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? ___18___ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

3. ____19____ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start. ____20___ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things. zxxk

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __21_____, but on their way back conditions were very _22______. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon __23_____ alone, he would probably get back _24______. But Simon decided to risk his __25_____ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).

As they __26_____ down, the weather got worse. Then another ___27____ occurred. They couldn’t see or hear each other and, ___28____, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was ___29____ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe’s __30_____ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. ___31____, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __32_____. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe __33_____ into a large crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn’t walk, but he __34_____ to get out of the crevasse and started to ___35____ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __36_____.

Simon had ___37____ the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be __38_____, but he didn’t want to leave ___39____. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’t ___40____ it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.

21.A. hurriedly B. carefully .C. successfully D. early

22. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal

23. A. climbed B. worked C. rested . D. continued zxxk

24. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully

25. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life

26. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked

27. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble

28. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by chance D. by luck

29. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible

30. A. height B. weight C. strength .D. equipment

31. A. Finally B. Patiently .C. Surely D. Quickly

32. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision .D. hold on

33. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed

34. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped

35. A. run B. skate C. move D. march

36. A. around B. away C. above D. along

37. A. headed for B. travelled C. left for D. returned to

38. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late

39. A. secretly B. tiredly .C. immediately D. anxiously

40. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept

.第二卷

第三部分 英语知识运用zxxk

第二节 (共10分;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41___ (be) late for school.

There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__

(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____44___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ____45___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___

(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____48___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____49___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers _____(sudden) became friendly to one another.

第三部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共

有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are threezxxk lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

第二节 书面表达 (25分)

一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、

1、 家庭

2、 工作

3、 业余生活

注意：1、次数100左右;2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3. 开头语已为你写好

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷

英 语

参考答案

1—5 BCCBC 6—10 ADADD 11—15 ADBBA 16—20 BGCAF

21—25 CADBD 26—30 CDADB 31—35 ACBAC 36—40 BDACB

41. being 42. and 43. disappointed 44. to 45. caught 46. to stop 47. riding

48.did 49. me/mine 50. suddenly

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lesson

There

in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.

don’t much

Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, zxxk we can do reading

for

for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.

hours

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers

looks

and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the

sit

lake listening∧ music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our

to helpful

teachers but also our friends. zxxk

五：one Possible Version

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.